Themes, Motifs and Symbols in A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay

Throughout the play, â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream, written by William Shakespeare, are several themes, motifs, and symbols. Dreams are a reoccurring theme. Dreams are connected to the unexplainable and mysterious events, occurring in the woods. â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† can be compared to â€Å"The Tempest†, also written by Shakespeare, because it contains the same theme of dreams- â€Å"That, if I then had waked after long sleep, / Will make me sleep again: and then, in dreaming† (3.2. 139- 140, Caliban) Contrast of appearances verses reality is a common motif throughout the play. It is leading the lovers into believing that the fantasies, which they are experiencing are real, even though they are extremely†¦show more content†¦what visions have I seen!\ Methought I was enamourd of an ass.† (4.1. 63-64). Titania is uncertain whether her vision is a dream or reality, because dreams are soon forgotten, while Titania’s vision is conspicuously detailed and memorable. In act five, scene two, at the end of the play, Puck also is desiring for the audience to view the play as a vision, which is appearing, but is no more clear than a dream- â€Å"While these visions did appear./And this weak and idle theme,/ No more yielding but a dream,† (5.2. 47-49) There is much confusion distinguishing reality from dreams. Therefore, dreams are an important and reoccurring theme, throughout the play. A frequently occurring motif, throughout the play, is contrast between appearances verses reality. The flower’s love juice is causing lovers to blindly fall in love, with the first person they lay their eyes on, after waking up. In act three of the play, Titania is falling in love with the donkey headed, Bottom- â€Å"On the first view, to say, to swear, I love thee† (3.1. 117). In act two, Lysander is under the flower’s love spell, and his true love for Hermia, is being transformed into false love for Helena. Lysander has an unrealistic fantasy of Helena, and his fantasy of Hermia is drastically worsening- â€Å"Get you gone, you dwarf; /You minimus, of hindring knot-grass made;/ You bead, you acorn.† (3.2. 362-364). The love spell is causing unrealisticShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare presents us with multiple types of love by using numerous couples in various different situations. For example: Doting loves, the love induced by Oberons potion and in some aspects, Lysander and Hermias love for each other; there are true loves: Oberon and Titania, Lysander and Hermia (for the first half at least, as Lysanders love switches to Helena temporarily)Read MoreContext Taming of the Shrew1767 Words   |  8 PagesThe Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s earliest comedies, and it shares many essential characteristics with his other romantic comedies, such as Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. These characteristics include light-hearted and slapstick humor, disguises and deception, and a happy ending in which most of the characters come out satisfied. The light-heartedness of these romantic comedies contrasts sharply with the darker humor and deeper characterization of Shakespeare’sRead MoreThe Theme Of Homo Eroticism Within The Play As You Like It And How It Differs From Various Other3688 Words   |  15 Pages Within this analysis, I will inquire into the theme of homo-eroticism within the play As You Like It and how it differs from various other plays written by Shakespeare and elaborate on how ground-breaking this play was during the time it was written and when it was performed, the differences in social constructs between then and now the differing views of society in the time it was written and the present day. As You Like Its first performance was in London in 1740, a time when popular literature

History of the U.S. Peace Corps Essay - 630 Words

The Peace Corps, officially established on March 1st 1961, is a governmental agency devoted to world peace and progression. The Peace Corps was established by Senator John F. Kennedy when he inspired a group of students at the University of Michigan to work for their country in the cause of peace by living and working in developing societies abroad. From that encouragement developed an agency of the federal government. The Peace Corps is organized into groups of volunteers and trainees that are placed in different developing countries according to their cause. Some of these causes include: education of children and adults, health and HIV/AIDS, environment, business, agriculture and youth. There are currently 7,733 volunteers and†¦show more content†¦Kennedy and the original Peace Corps volunteers to help promote world peace and friendship. One important program of the Peace Corps is increasing its role in the global effort to fight and prevent HIV/AIDS by training all volunteers in Africa as educators of HIV/AIDS deterrence and education. All volunteers will be prepared to address the multiple health, social, and economic problems associated with the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There are many Peace Corps programs in Botswana and Swaziland which are devoted exclusively to combating the epidemic. Programs are currently expanding into the Caribbean where there is also a large epidemic of HIV/AIDS. In May 2003, the Peace Corps devoted one thousand new volunteers to work on HIV/AIDS-related activities as part of President Bushs Global AIDS Relief Package. Another program of the Peace Corps is communications technology. The information technology volunteers supply technical guidance and support to organizations that want to make better use of information and communications technology. They introduce people to the computer as a tool to increase efficiency and communication. Volunteers teach basic computer literacy skills such as, word-processing, spreadsheets, basic accounting software, internet use, and web page development, and they introduce host communities to e-commerce, distance learning, and geographic information systems. A third program of the Peace Corps is their expansion into new andShow MoreRelated All You Need is Love: The History of the Peace Corps Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1960s many Americans attempted to redefine their nations identity both at home and abroad while the Peace Corps was taking place. Nothing reflected this better than the Peace Corps. In All You Need is Love Elizabeth Cobbs-Hoffman explores the history of the Peace Corps, and reveals, that by tracing its development in the last forty years, one can gain a better understanding on how it became the ideal institution of social reform in the 1960s. Cobbs-Hoffman begins her story by exploring theRead MoreThe First Years of the Peace Corps Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagessupport of the idea had been gathered with over a thousand signatures. The Peace Corps was officially established by Executive Order 10924 on March 1, 1961. The Peace Corps proved to be a program consisting of devoted individuals serving their countri es to fight against poverty and aiding the men, women and children fighting to survive in their impoverished living conditions. John F. Kennedy was motivated to establish the Peace Corps to assist the people in less developed countries, provide disaster reliefRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy s Speech1361 Words   |  6 PagesPresident of the United States, John F. Kennedy was known for many accomplishments such as the establishment of the Peace Corps, the commitment to land a man on the moon and the removal of missiles from Cuba. Despite his untimely death, he positively impacted the growth of the American nation socially, scientifically and politically. John F. Kennedy was responsible for establishing the Peace Corps. An organization that sends thousands of American volunteers around the world to help the needy. â€Å"After winningRead MoreThe Kennedy Years and Camelot Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pages was killed in the military, John the second son became the focus for his father’s political career. John Kennedy is also known as Jack, represented Massachusettss 11th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953 as a Democrat. Thereafter, he served in the U.S. Senate from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President and Republican candidate Richard Nixon in the 1960 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) The Kennedy/Nixon debates prove to be crucialRead MoreJohn F. Kennedy: An Influential Person Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesled the start of a new era in human history. He was born on May 29, 1917 in the small Boston suburb of Brookline, Massachusetts. He majored in government and international relations at Harvard University. In 1961 Kennedy served as President until his assassination in 1963. John F. Kennedy influenced and touched the lives of people everywhere through his efforts with the Apollo 11 space mission, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the founding of the Peace Corps. Kennedy was influenced by his previousRead MoreKennedy’s New Frontier Program Essay958 Words   |  4 Pagesinitiative â€Å"The New Frontier† comprised of numerous major challenges. Some of the challenges were boosting the United States economy by ending a recession and promote growth in the economy, promote aid to third world countries by establishing the Peace Corps, and then transport men and women overseas to assist emerging countries in acquiring their own necessities. Additional challenges for the Kennedy administration were to build-up the United States National Defense and furthered the National AeronauticsRead MoreU.s. Representative Is Devin Nunes1007 Words   |  5 Pages1. My U.S. Representative is Devin Nunes. Nunes belongs to the Republican party, and has served in the House of Representatives since 2003. Nunes is 43 years old and is chairman of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, as well as a member of the Ways and Means Committee. He authored and published Restoring The Republic in 2010. Nunes graduated from Cal Poly, receiving a bachelor’s in agricultural business and a master’s in agriculture. At the age of 23, he was elected to public officeRead MoreModern Warfare1061 Words   |  5 PagesStates (U.S.) military. The U.S. military employs three Napoleonic era fundamentals of Command and Control (C2), professional military, and nationalism. These fundamentals shape the U.S. military during peace and war. Maintaining peace and winning wars are important. To do that, large capable militaries are required with C2 and Napoleon recognized this. Napoleon task organized the Army into Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Brigades, centralizing C2. Napoleon’s Supreme Command controlled the Corps thatRead MoreThe Marine Corps : The Battle Of Chapultepec951 Words   |  4 Pages The Marine Corps takes history very seriously. When asked, Marines can name battles most people have never heard of, such as the Battle of Chapultepec in Mexico in 1847. It is rumored that the Blood Stripe of a Marine Non-Commissioned Officer’s (NCO’s) trouser is based off the bloody Battle of Chapultepec. Marine NCO’s since then had created a tradition called â€Å"Blood Striping.† Blood striping is the act of literally inflicting a blood stripe on a newly promoted NCO’s legs through means of punchingRead MoreThe Historical Background Of U. S. Foreign Policy1007 Words   |  5 Pagesorientation, race, and culture on history to a far more prominent degree than course books composed fifty years prior. However recent course material has kept on offering the same focal account about Americas past: the development o f the national government. One of the real ways that course materials accentuate the significance of the national government is by examining presidential administrations at overwhelming length. Presidents are, obviously, imperative to American history, yet it appears to be wrong

Technology Copyright Essay Sample free essay sample

Mentions 17 USC 106. â€Å"Rights of certain writers to ascription and unity. †Bitlaw: a resource on engineering jurisprudence.Beck A ; Tysver. Retrieved on September 28. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bitlaw. com/source/17usc/106. hypertext markup language 17 USC 107. â€Å"Rights of certain writers to ascription and unity. †Bitlaw: a resource on engineering jurisprudence.Beck A ; Tysver. Retrieved on September 28. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bitlaw. com/source/17usc/107. hypertext markup language Band. Jonathan. ( 2006 ) . â€Å"A new twenty-four hours for website archiving: Field v. Google and Parker v. Google. †Technology and Law Policy.Washington DC: Policy Bandwidth. Retrieved on September 29. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. arl. org/bm~doc/webarchivefinal. pdf DMCA. ( 1998 ) . â€Å"The Digital Millennium Copyright Act. †THOMAS.The Library of Congress.Retrieved on September 28. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //thomas. loc. gov/cgi- bin/query/z? c105: H. R. 2281. ENR: Google. ( 2007 ) . Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Retrieved on September 28. 2007 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Google. com/dmca. hypertext markup language

Kurt Vonnegut, PTSD, and Slaughterhouse-Five Essay Example

Kurt Vonnegut, PTSD, and Slaughterhouse-Five Paper â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition thats triggered by a terrifying event either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.† (Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)). Kurt Vonnegut came home from WWII suffering from PTSD. He struggled to overcome the horrors that he saw and turned to a pastime of his writing in order to recover. Although it took him many years to write, Slaughterhouse 5 became an antiwar book that inspired people to protest to the Vietnam War. It is considered a literary masterpiece by some and the ramblings of a delusional man by others. However one looks at it, the fact remains that Vonnegut’s writing will continue to inspire new readers for years to come. Kurt Vonneguts experiences as a POW in Dresden and the horrible things he saw likely scared him for life, which is why his writing is incongruous and center ed around what he witnessed in WWII. Biography For Kurt Vonnegut reading and writing had always been a pleasure. Surprisingly, in college he majored in chemistry and biology, he believes this was good however, because there were no professors telling him what to write and what to read.The birth of Vonnegut’s writing style began to take shape when he entered WWII. Kurt was flunking many of his classes in Eastern University. Then the USA entered WWII and Kurt, a pacifist, saw an opportunity to get away: â€Å"I was flunking everything by the middle of my junior year,† he admitted. â€Å"I was delighted to join the army and go to war.† (Indiana Historical Society). At first he was rejected for health reasons, but was eventually accepted into the Specialized Training Program to study mechanical engineering. Shortly after Vonnegut was shipped overseas, he was captured, and sent to a POW camp in Dresden. We will write a custom essay sample on Kurt Vonnegut, PTSD, and Slaughterhouse-Five specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Kurt Vonnegut, PTSD, and Slaughterhouse-Five specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Kurt Vonnegut, PTSD, and Slaughterhouse-Five specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Methods Of Domination Essays - Social Inequality, Discrimination

Methods Of Domination Essays - Social Inequality, Discrimination Methods Of Domination Methods of Domination Power and domination are the driving forces in society. Throughout history, there have always been those in power and those that are dominated. Many tactics have been used to keep this cycle of domination in tact. Two of these tactics are described in Erika Apfelbaums Relations of Domination and Movements for Liberation: An Analysis of Power between Groups. Through the descriptions of these methods of domination, the correlation between the methods of domination and the effect it makes on the subordinated is shown. One method described in Apfelbaums analysis is that of grouping. In grouping individuals together, the dominator separates himself from those he wants to dominate by some physical attribute, real or imaginary to distinguish itself. power can be maximally exercised when there exists two disparate groups that have been differentiated to the point of a clear distinction between us and them. (Apfelbaum 197) In finding a difference the dominating group can mark the subordinates as lower because they possess the said defect. An example of this is shown in Ronald Takakis Iron Cages. The enslaved blacks were grouped together by their dark complexions. One American, Dr. Benjamin Rush, further distinguished blacks as not only savage in their lifestyles but came to the conclusion that blacks suffered from a form of leprosy. Dr. Rush offered observations intended to prove that the color and figure of Negroes were derived from a modification of leprosy. (Takaki 30) The traits found in blacks such as the big lip, flat nose, and woolly hair were all a part of his diagnosis for their difference from that of their white superiors. After hundreds of years of domination, blacks found a way to counteract the negative impact of white subjugation. As stated by Bell Hooks in Black Looks Race and Representation., blacks need to learn to cherish their blackness, and their other distinguishing figures. Cone calls upon whites, blacks and all other non-black groups to stand against white supremacy by choosing to value, indeed to love, blackness. (Hooks11) By embracing their difference and relishing in it, blacks can try to over turn the vicious cycle of domination. One example of embracing blackness is that during the 1960s and 1970s or even during the Reconstruction period, black pride took the place of black or self -hatred. By reclaiming their views about their own beauty, blacks began the bitter struggle to gain victory over oppression. Another tactic of domination is degrouping. Apfelbaum describes degrouping as stripping the grouped subordinates of their identity and anything else that provided some sort of link to one another. the to-be-subordinated group is plunders of its self-identity and becomes less and less able to fulfill, for the individual member, the important role of providing the ground on which he stands, which gives or denies him social status, gives or denies him security and helpParadoxically, then, the marked collectively, at the same time that it is becoming an excluded group, is having its group essence destroyed-that is, it is in the process of being degrouped. (Apfelbaum198) By destroying the common bonds shared by the subordinate groups, the dominators keep the dominated separate from one another, thus hindering any uprisings that would lead to a disruption of the cycle of domination. Another way to degroup a group is by isolating each member from another. Apfelbaum states an increasing isolation of members of the group from one another, as if partitions had come between them, blocking more and more of those communications relevant to, and functional for, the groups autonomous life. (Apfelbaum200) By alienating the members, the dominating group disposes of the interdependency within the group, leaving the subordinates to depend on their superiors. One example of a group that has been degrouped as a form of domination is that of women. Apfelbaum states that women would constitute a collectivity that is completely degrouped. (Apfelbaum200) Women have been alienated from each other for hundreds of years. Audre Lorde shows in her piece, The Masters Tools Will Never Dismantle the Masters House, how women are degrouped. there was no examination of mutuality between women, no systems of shared support, no interdependence (Lorde 98) As long as women have no connections with each other, they cannot change

Nevada Vital Records - Birth, Death and Marriage Certificates

Nevada Vital Records - Birth, Death and Marriage Certificates Learn how and where to obtain birth, marriage, and death certificates and records in Nevada, including the dates for which Nevada vital records are available, where they are located, and links to online Nevada vital records databases. Nevada Vital Records:Division of HealthVital StatisticsCapitol Complex505 East King Street #102Carson City, NV 89710Phone:  (775) 684-4280 What You Need to Know:  Personal check or money order should be made payable to  Office of Vital Records.  To verify current fees, the telephone number is (775) 684-4242. This will be a recorded message. Information on current fees is also available on the  Nevada State Health Division website. The applicant MUST include a copy of a photo ID with the request. Web site: Nevada Office of Vital Statistics   Nevada Birth Records: Dates: From July 1911 Cost of copy: $20.00 Comments:  Ã‚  Birth records are confidential in the state of Nevada and may only be released to a qualified applicant. A qualified applicant is defined as the registrant, or a direct family member by blood or marriage, his or her guardian, or his or her legal representative. With your request include as much as you can of the following: full name at birth, date and place of birth, fathers name, mothers maiden name, your relationship to the individual and legal need for a copy of the record, your name and address, a copy of your photo ID, and your signature.Application for Nevada Birth Certificate For earlier records, write to County Recorder in the county which the event occurred. Nevada Death Records: Dates: From July 1911 Cost of copy: $20.00 Comments:  Death  records are confidential in the state of Nevada and may only be released to a qualified applicant. A qualified applicant is defined as the registrant, or a direct family member by blood or marriage, his or her guardian, or his or her legal representative. With your request include as much as you can of the following: full name of decedent, date and place of death, social security number (if known), decedents fathers name, decedents mothers maiden name, your relationship to the individual and legal need for a copy of the record, your name and address, a copy of your photo ID, and your signature.Application for Nevada Death Certificate   For earlier records, write to County Recorder in the county which the event occurred. Nevada Marriage Records: Dates:  Indexes since January 1968.   Cost of Copy: $10.00 Comments:  The state office only has indexes since January 1968. Certified copies are not available from the Nevada State Health Department. For certified copies of marriage certificates, you must write to the County Recorder in the county where the license was purchased. Nevada Divorce Records: Dates: Indexes since January 1968. Cost of copy:  $10.00 (index search only); cost of record from county varies Comments: Indexes since January 1968. Certified copies are not available from State Health Department. For divorce records, you must write to the County Clerk in the county where the divorce was granted. More US Vital Records - Choose a State

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 15

Marketing - Essay Example In the food segment the Marks and Spencer’s company employs the following competitive moves so that it cab have an advantage over its rivals. First and foremost it changes its prices to suit the consumer’s purchasing power and this enables the company to have a temporary advantage over the other rivalry firms. Similarly the company makes further improvements in its food products differentiation and it also maintains good relationships with the suppliers. (Baryon 2006) In the industry this is a very strong force since the Marks and Spencer’s company’s food industry has strong brand images and this makes it very hard for the new entrants. The initial capital expenditures are very huge and the exiting companies are achieving their economies of scale by being global. Another threatening factor to the potential new entrants is the trade tariffs as well as the international regulations whereby they have to prove themselves to the foreign companies, customers and also suppliers. In the food industry the substitute food products belong to the other firms in the industry. The Marks and Spencer’s foods segment is highly affected by the price changes in the substitute food products. Since the more the substitute food products become available to the consumers then the demand of the food products from the Marks and Spencer’s company become more elastic. This further allows the consumers to have more alternatives in the market. However this is a moderate but weak force in the industry since the businesses and also individuals wish to use other cheaper food products. A close substitute food product in the industry further constraints the company’s ability to raise its prices. On the other hand there is a lot of price competition in the industry especially in the food substitutes. Most of the consumers in Marks and Spencer’s foods consider the suitability as well as the nutritive value

Answer the questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Answer the questions - Term Paper Example The liberals then were seeking for the expansive role played by the political class. People that shared common interests were seeking for liberal freedoms. During the 18th century, many people were undermining the political arrangements in Europe, in addition to Britain having a gradual expansion on individual rights. The people believed that Governments should serve their citizens, while limiting their powers to natural rights of its citizens and the morality of the law such as the right to acquire property (Mehta, 29). Mehta believes that. in the late 19th century however, liberalism shifted its focus of protecting citizens from governments to using the governments to achieve a meaningful life. The government became a chance to positively shape the human life and society he lives in, only if it was properly used and controlled by the political leadership and other people. Liberals realized that if powerful government institutions were controlled and regulated by people’s instruments. In this case, therefore, true liberation is inevitable. The vast economic growth of many organizations enhanced capitalism, making people believes that Governments would play a major role in helping the citizens to benefit. The liberals now focused on forming labor unions to protect employees’ rights (47). Nationalism is an ideology that believes that a person’s loyalty and devotion to the government is more important than his interest or other groups’ interest. As such, individuals are more inclined towards helping the government to achieve its goals in the expense of individual’s goals. Before the development of nationalism, individuals developed loyalty towards specific leaders and cities. It was evident through the French and American Revolution. After the American and French revolution, nationalism became very crucial and it influenced the World War 1 and 11. Nationalism has helped serve the national interest of a state, which protects the interests of

Jews and Chapter Essay Example for Free

Jews and Chapter Essay 1. Elie’s first impression of the camp at Buna was that it looked empty and dead as if an epidemic had hit. 2. Elie and his father have to work in a factory where they fix electrical circuits. 3. The Jewish dentist is caught stealing the prisoner’s gold teeth and was ordered to be hung. 4. The part of Elie’s body that is aware of the passage of time is his stomach because he goes a long time without getting anything to eat. 5. Idek accused Elie’s father of being lazy and not doing his job. Elie just sits there and watches silently. 6. The dentist from Warsaw uses a rusty old spoon to extract Elie’s gold crown. 7. Elie is whipped by Idek an amount of 25 times for leaving his area of work. 8. The ones who bombed Buna were the Americans. 9. The pipel is hanged because he was found under the possession of weapons. 10. The pipel’s hanging was different from any others because everybody loved the pipel. He also suffered and died slowly. Chapter 5: 1. During the prayer being said for Rosh Hashanah, Elie refuses to fast and thinks that God has forgotten about them and since then starts to lose his faith in him. 2. Elie feels abandoned by God and imagines a world without mankind. 3. According to the veterans of Buna, they say that it is like a little paradise because there were selections every week that were very brutal. They would also suffer a lot of cold because they didn’t get the warm clothes and blankets. 4. The thing the prisoners fear the most at the camp are the selections. 5. Dr. Mengele is t one who is in charge of the selections. 6. The inheritance Elie’s father gives him just in case he doesn’t make it through the second selection is a knife and an old spoon. 7. When Elie made the statement, he meant that Hitler had kept his promise of killing all of the Jewish people, and God had not kept his promise of helping them. 8. Elie and his father decided to evacuate with the others because they thought the sick ones were going to be sent to the crematorium. Elie later found out they were liberated by the Russians. If he and his father had stayed, they would have been liberated at that time as well. 9. The wooden floor of the barrack is cleaned before they leave because the SS want the Red Army to know that men had been living there, not pigs. 10. Whether or not Elie should fast. Chapter 6: 1. The prisoners have to run for hours, and if anybody fails to keep up, they are shot. It was also very cold and windy. 2. Zalman can’t continue to march because he felt like his stomach was going to explode. 3. The presence of his father gives Elie the strength to continue the march because he feels like his father is his â€Å"soul support. † 4. The violin is so important to Juliek because it is the only thing he loves to do the most. 5. Juliek playing Beethoven’s concerto was so important because he had not been able to play it before, and there, he played out his life and a tribute to everyone. 6. When he said that, he was referring to the broken violin. Chapter 7: 1. When he woke up, he thought his dad was dead because he was not moving. 2. Elie, years later, asks a woman not to throw out money to the poor because it reminded him of the pieces of bread being thrown into the cattle car by a man. It was so bad a son killed his own father for a tiny piece of bread. 3. It is horrific because everyone is so hungry they are fighting for a little piece of bread and the men have become like beasts. It is sad because a father was killed by his own son. 4. Elie and his father end up going to Buchenwald. Chapter 8: 1. Elie is angry because his father wanted to sleep, but if he went to sleep, he would die. 2. Elie started thinking like the rabbi’s son when he had promised himself he would never do that. He thought it would be easier if his father died, that way he would only need to take care of himself. 3. While Elie’s father is sick, he tries to help him by giving him his ration of soup and bread, while he also watched him instead of going to work and stuff. 4. When Elie’s father keeps asking for water, he is struck and beat by the SS. Chapter 9: 1. After the death of his father, Elie feels that there is no longer any valid reason to keep living. 2. The Germans are concerned with liquidating the cap and evacuating the prisoners because they do not want other countries to see what they are doing to the Jewish population. 3. The thing that stops the final evacuation of the camp is the resistance movement. 4. After they are liberated, all the Jews wanted to eat since they had gone six days without food. 5. At the end of the novel, Elie’s reflection stares back at him and he describes his image as a living corpse.

Istanbul: Memories and the City, by Prhan Pamuk Essay -- Yahya Kemal, A

Orhan Pamuk’s Istanbul: Memories and the City is an iridescent evocation of Istanbul’s fate, history, and cultural diversity recollected in the form of memories, allowing the readers to connect with Pamuk’s life experiences. The above is made possible through the use of both, past as well as present, which co-exist as a centerpiece in this memoir. To begin with, memories add a flavour of perceived thought about what the past holds dear to us and are therefore synonymous to history, helping to retell the author’s story, who wishes to convert each and every reader into an artist and commentator of the history of Istanbul. History is something written by ordinary people based on the biases of available data and at times, it is this ideology which casts a magic, stimulating us to revisit the past through our memories. Pamuk showcases history using an individualistic approach, interpreting Istanbul by means of his own thoughts which are original, and correct the existing incongruences put forward by other writers during that period of time. In all, the narrator takes the readers as a ‘tourist guide’ through the by lanes and shadowy corridors of Istanbul, motivating them to conceive their thoughts about the place. Memories can be defined as all of the precious moments which were lived by the author. He portrays a new instance every time, inviting the readers’ to indulge themselves in a ceaseless wave of emotions and experiences which have skillfully been exposed till the very end of this text. For example, Orhan’s memory about religious beliefs wherein he imagines God as a female stereotype wearing a white scarf, describing Her as a rare sight around human beings. Looking at the following lines, â€Å"Even so, whenever I am in a crowd, ... ...eal football matches using marbles, giving each piece a name with respect to the best player of the match. Also, they would constantly comment on the game, imitating how it’s done on live television. This not only showed their attachment to the game in particular, but also to each other. Orhan always imagined the atmosphere to be pulsating, and it was this excitement which transforms into reality, thereby taking the form of memories. Works Cited †¢ Istanbul: Memories and the City by Orhan Pamuk, Published: 2005 †¢ Matossian, Nouritza. "He's Still the Top Dog in Turkey." The Observer. Guardian News and Media, 17 Apr. 2005. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. . †¢ "Mirroring Istanbul." Global Perspectives on Orhan Pamuk. Ed. Mehnaz M. Afridi and David M. Buyze. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N. pag. Print.

Human Trafficking in Houston Essay

Texans and Americans alike need to be aware of ongoing human slavery that tarnished the I-10 freeway and they need to know how they can stop the plague of Human Trafficking on Houston Texas. This past January, President Barack Obama recognized Human Trafficking Awareness month. In a published statement the President said he wanted to, â€Å"recognize the people, organizations and government entities that are working to combat human trafficking,† and â€Å"recommit to bringing an end to this inexcusable human rights abuse.† According to the U.S. Department of Justice human trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal industries, with 14,500-17,500 individuals trafficked in the United States each year and 800,000 globally. With a number of contributing factors, including a diverse immigrant population and major roads for domestic and international travel, Houston is a hotspot for human trafficking in the U.S. According to Religion Link, â€Å"Nongovernmental organi zations and nonprofits are now enlisting the aid of religious groups in the fight against human trafficking.† In Houston, organizations like the YMCA, the Houston Rescue and Restore Coalition, Free the Captives and Redeemed Ministries are all part of an entrenched alliance of non-profits, both secular and religious, fighting human trafficking in Houston. Constance Rossiter of the YMCA said, â€Å"These partnerships with religious organizations and other non-profits are essential to combatting human trafficking.† â€Å"There are many levels, it’s like a puzzle,† she said, â€Å"fighting human trafficking takes a community of partners including non-profits, churches, synagogues and law enforcement.† Each entity has its role to play, whether it be prevention, lobbying for legislation, advocation, awareness or enforcement, said Rossiter. Free the Captives, a Houston based Christian non-profit, does it all. Having long been involved in education and counseling for at-risk teenagers and potential pimps, Free the Captives is also active in trying to go after suppliers an d buyers in the human trafficking market. Working with attorneys, Free the Captives seeks to shut down trafficking locations by using nuisance abatement laws and other tactics. Taking the fight one step further, the organization recently began lobbying the Houston mayor’s office and local and federal law enforcement to focus on the demand side of the trafficking trade. Calling it the â€Å"Reduce the Demand Campaign,† the non-profit believes it is the primary solution in ending human trafficking. â€Å"To make an impact on domestic sex trafficking you have to go after the buyers,† said a representative from Free the Captives, whose identity is protected due to recent threats made by traffickers. â€Å"It does not matter how many pimps and landlords there are if the buyers are still willing to pay and there is money to be made,† said the anonymous source, â€Å"other pimps and landlords will pop up. You can’t stem the tide without going after the source.† For their part, the Mayor’s Office and the Houston Police Department believe that human trafficking is a major problem and are sincere in enforcing existing laws. In a letter from 2010, Mayor Annise Parker acknowledged the growing problem and said, â€Å"Houston is a hub for Human Trafficking where approximately twenty percent of all human trafficking victims will pass through our city at some point of their enslavement.† The Mayor’s Office recently reiterated the importance of fighting human trafficking and in a response to Free the Captives said, â€Å"Controlling sex trafficking remains of great concern. The governmental focus on landlords and illegal business has brought results. In the last year and a half the Houston Police Department has recovered 73 juveniles, arrested 21 pimps and two â€Å"Johns,† or buyers,† said Lieutenant Andy Lahaye. To do more the police are training their patrol offices to identify trafficking situations and be able to respond or pass on a tip for the vice department to investigate. However, Lahaye commented that it is difficult to go after the buyers and said, â€Å"It’s an underground world, we can’t just put an undercover officer out there as a decoy to catch a ‘John.’† â€Å"It’s all very subsurface, so we are going after what is out there for us to see, even though we want to cut it off at the source. That’s the struggle we are battling.† Free the Captives continues to demand the focus be shifted to the buyers. Although, many of the domestic victims in the world are not being pimped out in spaces that need landlords. While the mayor and law enforcement focuses on landlords they are almost entirely missing vulnerable American teens in private locales. They remain in bondage. Prevention is a key component to the fight against human trafficking and more organizations, not just faith based organizations like Free the Captives, need to focus their energies on prevention and curbing the supply of victims being exploited. In addition to existing enforcement the lobbying efforts of everyday citizens are paying dividends. While there are some great efforts to end human trafficking in Houston, organizations cannot function without active members. There is always something to help with.

Great Education Leaders

From Corporate America to the Classroom Jon Williams University of Phoenix From Corporate America to the Classroom Leadership by definition is a person who guides or inspires others. In corporate America, we can consider Jack Welch a true pioneer in defining leadership. Jack Welch was able to lead and make General Electric a very competitive enterprise in the world (100 Ventures) during the 1980s. Jack Welch is bringing his lifelong management skills to a new online university program (Glader, 2009). Biography Jack Welch was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1935. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering.In 1960, Jack Welch joined General Electric and worked his way through the ranks to become the Chairman and CEO of GE, making him the eighth and youngest leader (Woopidoo- Biographies- Business Leaders). During his 20 year reign of General Electric, one of Americas largest and most well known companies Jack Welch's management skills became almost legendar y (Woopidoo- Biographies- Business Leaders). His no nonsense leadership style gave him a reputation of being hard, but fair when making business decisions and his style of leadership has been used a model in corporate America. His techniques have been studied and implemented in the U.S. Army (Day, 2001). Jack Welch’s success was the ability to effectively communicating keys ideas, and constantly repeating them to ensure all employees shared the organization’s goals. Goals In order to become a leader, people should lead more and manage less. As a leader, goals or vision must be created to ignite an organization and make those goals into reality (100 Ventures). Do not micro manage instead inspire others to execute the goals of the organization. Jack believed in seeing change as an opportunity. Change is going to happen and the willingness to change is actually strength.Much has been said and written about Jack Welch and his success. Many managers struggle daily to lead a nd inspire their subordinates to perform. In order to close the gap in a lack of leadership in the business world, Jack believes in educating then next generation of leaders (Glader, 2009). Education Jack has partnered with Chancellor University and plans to use his methods of teaching leadership. Chancellor University will name its Master of Business Administration program â€Å"The Jack Welch Institute. † Jack says the MBA program will integrate his philosophy and human resources into a 12-course curriculum designed for managers (Glader, 2009).Conclusion Since retiring in 2001, Jack, 73, has taught management classes at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Glader, 2009). He has written many books about leadership and has shared his success throughout his life. The one key lesson from Jack every manager should practice is, â€Å"Genuine leadership comes from the quality of your vision and your ability to spark others to extraordinary performance,† (100 Ventures) . References 100 Ventures. (n. d. ). 25 Lessons from Jack Welch- Business Leadership and New Management Secrets. Retrieved December 26, 2009, from eCoach: http://www. 1000ventures. om/business_guide/mgmt_new-model_25lessons-welch. html Day, D. H. (2001, April). Leadership Development: A review of Best Practices. Retrieved December 26, 2009, from U. S. Army Research Institute for the Behavior and Social Sciences: http://www. dtic. mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc? AD=ADA391440;Location=U2;doc=GetTRDoc. pdf Glader, P. (2009, June 22). The Jack Welch MBA Coming to Web. Retrieved December 26, 2009, from The Wall Street Journal: http://online. wsj. com/articles Woopidoo- Biographies- Business Leaders. (n. d. ). Jack Welch Biography. Retrieved December 26, 2009, from Woopidoo Web Site: http://www. woopidoo. com/biography/jack-welch. htm

12 Best Art Schools in the World

12 Best Art Schools in the World SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have a passion for art, there are some great college options out there for you! Art schools can provide you with the tools you need to develop your skills and make a career out of what you love. In this article, I'll give you a list of the best art schools in the world, tell you what each of their programs is like, and give you some tips on how to choose the right one for you. What Makes a Great Art School? The best art schools are institutions that teach students to think creatively across disciplines and provide them with the instruction and resources that will enable them to fulfill their artistic potential. All the schools on this list are forward-thinking, well-respected colleges with constantly evolving curricula that always keep pace with changes in the art world. They have international name recognition and strong reputations as a result of the successes of their alumni. These universities offer a variety of majors in artistic disciplines that will lead to fulfilling careers. They also have cutting edge facilities that allow students to make their visions a reality, whether that involves welding a giant metal sculpture or creating life-like 3D animations. Programs in the digital arts are prominent features of most of these colleges because knowledge of design programs and other art-making software is crucial in the current artistic landscape for students who hope to develop their practice into a career. The schools on this list provide excellent career counseling services to make the transition from student to professional as smooth as possible for their students. Many provide students with the opportunity to work at internships or in other professional development contexts while still in school so that they can build their experience and be prepared to take on the job world. At a great art school, you’ll be consistently inspired through interactions with some of the most interesting and creative people you’ll ever meet. If you love art, these schools will help you develop your passion and take it to places you never even thought possible! Make your dreams a (sur)reality. The Best Art Schools in the World Without further ado, here's a list of the top twelve art schools in the world ranked by reputation and quality! #1: Rhode Island School of Design- Providence, Rhode Island (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 1,976 Acceptance rate: 29% About the School: RISD is considered by many to be the best art and design school out there. With distinguished faculty members, extensive resources for students, and a strong career services department, RISD offers pretty much anything you could want in an art and design education. RISD also has an associated museum with thousands of works in its collection that span different time periods, cultures, and media. Rhode Island School of Design #2: School of the Art Institute of Chicago- Chicago, Illinois (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 2,889Acceptance rate: 61% About the School: School of the Art Institute of Chicago boasts a strong global reputation; its alumni include Georgia O'Keeffe, David Sedaris, and Edward Gorey (who is one of my favorite artists!). SAIC has an interdisciplinary curriculum, meaning that students are encouraged to experiment widely across artistic disciplines before deciding on the best medium for their ideas. The education at SAIC is highly customizable, encouraging students to be creative in combining different types of art. Off-campus study is also required at SAIC. Students can fulfill this requirement through an internship program, study trip, or study abroad experience. This provides a bridge to the art world outside of college and helps students prepare for careers in the arts. School of the Art Institute of Chicago #3: California Institute of the Arts- Valencia, California (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 984Acceptance rate: 24% About the School: CalArts is an internationally recognized art school that encourages students to go beyond the boundaries of traditional media. It has a strong focus on individualized attention for each student. Students are also given a high level of creative freedom and independence in their studies- artistic promise is the number one criteria for admission. CalArts also participates in the Community Arts Partnership, which gives students the opportunity to teach art to youth in Los Angeles while gaining experience and earning an income. The Institute provides resources such as internships and mentoring programs for students to help them translate their artistic skills into a career after college. California Institute of the Arts #4: Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design- London, England Undergraduate enrollment: 3,013Acceptance rate: Not reported About the School: Central Saint Martins is a constituent college of the University of the Arts in London. It is considered one of the world’s leading institutions in art and design education. The college offers nine different areas of study to students, including Graphic Communication Design, Fine Art, and Jewelry and Textiles. Students are encouraged to develop their ideas beyond the accepted boundaries of each artistic discipline and to always be open to new approaches and ideas. Facilities include digital fabrication studios, letterpress studios, a digital media lab, an animation lab, and more. CSM College of Art and Design #5: Parsons School of Design at The New School- New York City, New York (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 6,695Acceptance rate: 51% About the School: The New School emphasizes a design thinking approach to solving problems on a global scale. Parsons is dedicated to remaining on the cutting edge of arts education; it strives to continually embrace new trends and interdisciplinary approaches to the arts. It also has a community service and social justice focus, encouraging design projects that have tangible outcomes in the world. Parsons provides one-on-one career counseling to students as well as connections to jobs and internships through the Center for Student Success. Parsons #6: Berlin University of the Arts- Berlin, Germany Enrollment: 3,618Acceptance rate: 20% About the School: The Berlin University of the Arts is the largest art school in Europe. Its faculty includes some of the most well-respected contemporary artists in the world, including Chinese artist and social activist Ai Weiwei (watch the documentary Ai Weiwei: Never Sorry about his work- it’s super interesting). There are four colleges within the University system that specialize in Fine Arts, Music, Design, and Performing Arts. Berlin University of the Arts has more than 170 international partnerships with other universities. The university hosts over 500 events every year and is a key cultural venue in the city. Students present their work to the public in exhibitions, concerts, dramatic productions, evenings of song, readings, and lectures. Berlin University of the Arts #7: Pratt Institute- New York City, New York (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 3,439Acceptance rate: 50% About the School: Pratt is at the center of the New York art scene, and is consistently ranked among the top art and design colleges in the world. A highly distinguished faculty made up of leaders in artistic fields means that students will make meaningful connections to the art world during their time at Pratt. Career Counseling services are excellent and have a high job placement rate after graduation. Pratt also sits on a beautiful enclosed campus that gives students a sanctuary apart from the hectic city life. Pratt Institute #8: ArtCenter College of Design- Pasadena, California (US) Undergraduate enrollment: 2,005Acceptance rate: Not reported About the School: ArtCenter College of Design has a distinguished reputation. Alumni include the advertising genius behind the "Got Milk?" campaign and the concept illustrator who gave R2-D2 life! The college is always willing to change with the times, and has added six undergraduate departments since 1970, the most recent being Interaction Design in 2012. ArtCenter College of Design was the first design school to install computer labs on its campus in the 1980s. Its â€Å"Designmatters† educational program gives students the opportunity to work on design projects that have a positive social impact. ArtCenter is known for its international focus and interdisciplinary curriculum that encourages transcendence of individual artistic mediums. ArtCenter College of Design #9: Glasgow School of Art- Glasgow, Scotland Undergraduate enrollment: 2,195Acceptance rate: Not reported About the School: Glasgow School of Art is Scotland’s only public self-governing art school. It is divided into two campuses: the School of Fine Arts and the School of Design. GSA is at the head of research in creative disciplines, with research centers including the Digital Design Studio, the Institute of Design Innovation, the Mackintosh Environmental Architectural Research Institute, and the Glasgow Urban Lab. Glasgow School of Art also has an extensive student and staff exchange program with about 75 of the world’s leading Art, Design and Architecture schools. Numerous alumni have won the Turner Prize, the most prestigious award in the British art scene given to one artist under 50 every year. Glasgow School of Art #10: China Central Academy of Fine Arts- Beijing, China Undergraduate enrollment: 4,700Acceptance rate: Less than 10% About the School: The China Central Academy of Fine Arts is one of the most selective schools in China and is considered China’s most prestigious art academy. It is made up of six specialty schools: the School of Fine Art, the School of Chinese Painting, the School of Design, the School of Architecture, the School of Humanities, and the School of Urban Design. The School of Design has been heavily involved with national Chinese design projects, including designs for the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The Academy is also home to a huge museum that includes over 2,000 Chinese scroll paintings that date back to the Ming Dynasty. #: National School of Fine Arts- Paris, France Undergraduate enrollment: Not reportedAcceptance rate: Not reported About the School: The National School of Fine Arts holds 450,000 items in its collections in the form of books and artworks; this is one of the largest public collections in France. Faculty and alumni include many internationally recognized artists. The five-year curriculum is made up of two consecutive "cycles," the first lasting three years and the second two years, in which students learn the fundamental practical and theoretical components of artistic creation. National School of Fine Arts- Paris #12: Tokyo University of the Arts- Tokyo, Japan Undergraduate enrollment: 3,302Acceptance rate: 30% About the School: As the only national arts university in Japan, Tokyo University of the Arts seeks to develop Japanese art and culture and emphasize a spirit of artistic freedom and creativity. Through collaboration with other universities and institutions, TUA works to create new forms of artistic expression and demonstrate the power of art to influence global trends. TUA also runs an exchange program with the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Tokyo University of the Arts Which Art School is the Right Choice for You? It's difficult to decide on the right art school when there are so many great options out there. The first thing you should think about is location. Would you consider going to another state or country for college? Or would you prefer to stay closer to home? From there, you can decide which schools in the area of your choice appeal to you most. Are you looking for a city, suburban, or rural atmosphere? One factor that sets many of these colleges apart is the level of specialization throughout the curriculum. For example, ArtCenter College of Design requires students to choose an artistic discipline right away rather than including a year of foundational courses. This might be fine for you if you're convinced that you want to make a certain type of art, but it might not be the best fit if you're still not sure of your concentration. Rhode Island School of Design, on the other hand, requires a baseline course of study for all freshman before they're split up into their separate artistic disciplines sophomore year. It's also very important to consider whether each school offers the types of opportunities and facilities you want. If you're more design-oriented than fine art-oriented, you might consider a college like Parson's or ArtCenter College of Design. These schools have programs that focus on the practical application of design-thinking to solve problems in the real world. If you're hoping to spend some time studying abroad in college, you might think about School of the Art Institute of Chicago, which requires students to complete an off-campus study program. Fully explore what each school has to offer before making a decision based on first impressions. What do you want to get out of your arts education? Consider the potential connections you'll form with faculty and the surrounding artistic community. This type of networking can be a huge help down the road. Schools in New York City like Pratt and Parsons have an advantage in this regard since they're located in one of the central hubs of the art world. All of the schools on this list have great things to offer, but if you choose one that strongly appeals to your interests and provides the specific types of programs you're looking for, you'll be in for an amazing college experience. What's Next? If you want to apply to one of the best art schools in the world, you'll need to put together a portfolio. Learn more about how to create an art portfolio that showcases your strengths. Are you still researching colleges (or haven't started yet)? If so, take a look at this guide to the college research process for some helpful tips. If you're worried about paying for college, there are tons of scholarships out there for you. Read this article on the best scholarships you can win as a high school senior. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Battle of Messines in World War I

Battle of Messines in World War I Battle of Messines - Conflict Dates: The Battle of Messines took place from June 7 to 14, 1917, during World War I (1914-1918). Armies Commanders: British General Sir Herbert PlumerLieutenant General Sir Alexander GodleyLieutenant General Sir Alexander Hamilton-GordonLieutenant General Sir Thomas Morland212,000 men (12 divisions) Germans General Sixt von Armin126,000 men (5 divisions) Battle of Messines - Background: In the late spring of 1917, with the French offensive along the Aisne bogging down, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, commander of the British Expeditionary Force, sought a way to relieve pressure on his ally. Having conducted an offensive in the Arras sector of the lines in April and early May, Haig turned to General Sir Herbert Plumer who commanded British forces around Ypres. Since early 1916, Plumer had been developing plans for an attack on Messines Ridge southeast of the town. The capture of the ridge would remove a salient in the British lines as well as give them control of the highest ground in the area. Battle of Messines - Preparations: Authorizing Plumer to move forward with an assault on the ridge, Haig began to view the attack as a prelude to a much larger offensive in the Ypres area. A meticulous planner, Plumer had been preparing to take ridge for over a year and his engineers had dug twenty-one mines under the German lines. Constructed 80-120 feet below the surface, the British mines were dug in the face of intense German counter-mining activities. Once completed, they were packed with 455 tonnes of ammonal explosives. Battle of Messines - Dispositions: Opposing Plumers Second Army was General Sixt von Armins Fourth Army which consisted of five divisions arrayed to provide an elastic defense along the length of their line. For the assault, Plumer intended to send forward the three corps of his army with Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Morlands X Corps in the north, Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Hamilton-Gordons IX Corps in the center, and Lieutenant General Sir Alexander Godleys II ANZAC Corps in the south. Each corps was to make the attack with three divisions, with a fourth kept in reserve. Battle of Messines - Taking the Ridge: Plumer commenced his preliminary bombardment on May 21 with 2,300 guns and 300 heavy mortars pounding the German lines. The firing ended at 2:50 AM on June 7. As quiet settled over the lines, the Germans raced to their defensive position believing that an attack was forthcoming. At 3:10 AM, Plumer ordered nineteen of the mines detonated. Destroying much of the German front lines, the resulting explosions killed around 10,000 soldiers and were heard as far away as London. Moving forward behind a creeping barrage with tank support, Plumers men assaulted all three sides of the salient. Making rapid gains, they collected large numbers of dazed German prisoners and achieved their first set of objectives within three hours. In the center and south, British troops captured the villages of Wytschaete and Messines. Only in the north was the advance slightly delayed due to the need to cross the Ypres-Comines canal. By 10:00 AM, the Second Army had reached its goals for the first phase of the assault. Briefly pausing, Plumer advanced forty artillery batteries and his reserve divisions. Renewing the attack at 3:00 PM, his troops secured their second phase objectives within an hour. Having accomplished the offensives objectives, Plumers men consolidated their position. The next morning, the first German counterattacks began around 11:00 AM. Though the British had little time to prepare new defensive lines, they were able to repel the German assaults with relative ease. General von Armin continued attacks until June 14, though many were badly disrupted by British artillery fire. Battle of Messine - Aftermath: A stunning success, Plumers attack at Messines was nearly flawless in its execution and resulted in relatively few casualties by World War I standards. In the fighting, British forces incurred 23,749 casualties, while the Germans suffered around 25,000. It was one of the few times in the war when the defenders took heavier losses than the attackers. Plumers victory at Messines succeeded in achieving its goals, but led Haig to over-inflate his expectations for the subsequent Passchendaele offensive which was launched in the area that July. Selected Sources First World War: Battle of MessinesHistory of War: Battle of Messines

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

History - Essay Example It is no wonder that hardly the first serious book on Progressive Era history was The Search for Order. Its author, Robert Wiebe, viewed this search as replacing such mores and values of small town community life as promptness, frugality, efficiency and foresight† with such assumptions of bureaucracy as rationality and functionality, management and administration, regularity and continuity. According to Wiebe Americans traded the values that had been regulating individual relationships for those oriented towards bureaucratic order because new interconnected industrial economy needed to be centralized and professionalized. As a result Americans have assumed bureaucratic Weltanschauung. Wiebe argues that such a worldview allowed for giving adequate responses to complicated problems unlike previous era narrow-minded, community-centered moralistic mind. As Wiebe puts it the Progressivism in fact was ambition of the new born middle class to realize its predestination through the mea ns of bureaucracy Work Cited Wiebe, Robert. The Search for Order, 1877-1920. New York: Hill & Wang, 1967. Print.

Role of Fellowship in Christian Spiritual Healing Dissertation

Role of Fellowship in Christian Spiritual Healing - Dissertation Example PATHOLOGY: Science of bodily diseases including symptoms of a disease. ACCENTUATE: Emphasize SYMBOL: Something regarded by general content as naturally typifying or representing or recalling something by possession of analogous qualities or by association in fact or thought. THERAPY: Medical/treatment of a disease according to Oxford dictionary but in generally understanding refers to all measures taken to attain or restore optimal health of humanity SACRAMENT: Religious ceremony or act regarded as outward and visible sign of inward and spiritual grace. AUTHENTIC: Leadership especially one state. 1 INTRODUCTION Many therapy practices like medical intervention, counseling and prayer have received the attention of researchers. There are subjects on healing and fellowship which are studied by many authors as well, for example, Louw et al (1994); however there seems to be no studies which focus on role of fellowship in healing. Warren 2002:138 has captured the importance of fellowship as he states, â€Å"God intends for us to experience life together†. This concept of togetherness and shared experience is referred to as ‘fellowship’ in the bible. The focus of this research is to explore the role of fellowship in spiritual healing. Though the researcher is not really interested in doing research just for the sake of doing it but because of the personal attachment researcher has with the topic itself. The researcher is prepared and committed to the subject and has a passion in the said area which has made the researcher impatient to see the contribution this study will make to the existing body of literature as well as to the society. Muller (1999:3) rightly says â€Å"to do research is not an easy task...Warren 2002:138 has captured the importance of fellowship as he states, â€Å"God intends for us to experience life together†. This concept of togetherness and shared experience is referred to as ‘fellowship’ in the bible. The focus of this research is to explore the role of fellowship in spiritual healing. Though the researcher is not really interested in doing research just for the sake of doing it but because of the personal attachment researcher has with the topic itself. The researcher is prepared and committed to the subject and has a passion in the said area which has made the researcher impatient to see the contribution this study will make to the existing body of literature as well as to the society. Mà ¼ller (1999:3) rightly says â€Å"to do research is not an easy task because of curiosity I could venture into a world of the â€Å"unknown† where a treasure, surprise, or a shock might be hidden†. By using the narrative approach, this research intends to venture with fellow travelers into their known world which they never knew or seen before. Based on the statement, â€Å"Life is a journey† we journey both separately and collectively, this research aims to venture into the world of exploring the â€Å"Role of Fellowship in Christian Spiritual Healing†.

Analysis of The Brief Wonderous Life of Oscar Wao Essay - 1

Analysis of The Brief Wonderous Life of Oscar Wao - Essay Example Until he met a lady in Santo Domingo, that alters his destination. To trace back the origin of Oscar, his mother migrated to America to escape from the painful memories of the past. The fuku haunts every family member, which leads to the death of Oscar Wao. This paper aims to analyse the connection of Caribbean history and Dominican identity with the character of Oscar as a nigger. The history of Caribbean is a mixture of different culture that is rooted from the era of colonialism. The first settlers are the native Indians called Taino. Diaz (2007) mentions that Spaniards execute genocide, or the killing of race in the Dominican Republic (p. 212). Taino’s population decreases after the European navigator -- Christopher Columbus, discovered the West Indies when he mistakenly assumed that he reached the west part of Asia. In search for gold, the European occupied the place and abused the naivety of native people. After the reduction of Taino’s population, Spaniards gathered Africans from South Africa to become their slave on the mining industry. The Spaniards shifted to sugar cane plantation due to the obliteration of the gold’s supply. Moreover, the women suffered from sexual assault that results to mestizo children. The culture of Dominican changed after the Spaniards surrendered them to France, which occupied Haiti, but Spain recovered i ts sovereignty to Dominicans in 1861. Fortunately, the Dominican gained its freedom from the Spaniard but later occupied by the United States (Shifflette, 2010, pp. 4-7). Diaz’s novel highlights the reign of Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. Trujillo uses the military forces to coerce the Dominicans to vote him. He became the President that marked the Trujillo era. Although the root of Trujillo came from the Black African, his mindset is similar with the United States and Spain. He ordered for the elimination of black people to whiten the Dominican Republic. Shifflette

Children Learn To Be Strong Children And Young People Essay

Children Learn To Be Strong Children And Young People Essay The main principle of building positive relationships is identified in the Early Years -Development Matters document is that children learn to be strong and independent through positive relationships. Every child is a unique individual, a competent learner from birth who can be strong, capable, confident and self-assure. Children learn to be strong and independent from a base of loving and secure relationships with parents and /or keyworkers. Parents are childrens first and most enduring educators. When parents and practitioners work together in Early Years settings, the results have a positive impact on childrens development and learning. Early years practitioners need to consider childrens age and stage of development as a factor when ensuring that the environment is safe and suitable for children. If you are able to build good relationships with parents, this is also a really positive thing, as parents will share information easier and take an interest in what their child is learn ing. The EYFS has as a statutory component the requirement for all children to be allocated a key person. A key person is someone who develops a close and genuine bond with a child, takes additional responsibility for the childs welfare and works closely with parents. A key worker acts as a surrogate attachment figure when the child is separated from parents and carers. This essay will recognise how positive relationships promote childrens well-being. And analyse the importance of a key worker system. It will explain the benefits of building partnership with parents for children learning and development. Describe how to develop positive relationships within the early years setting, making reference to principles of effective communication. The main principle of building positive relationships is identified in the Early Years -Development Matters document is that children learn to be strong and independent through positive relationships. Effective communication plays a vital role in the early years settings. When effective communication is established, positive relationships can begin to develop between practitioners and young children. Good health and well-being is central to effective learning. Children are more likely to develop self-confidence, resilience and positive views about themselves when they are involved in a respected, safe and secure environment where their achievements and contributions are values and celebrated. Childrens relationships influence their well-being through development, and learning. Consistent, secure, responsive, and respectful relationships with caring adults are vital to childrens wellbeing. Through trusting relationships with adults, young children learn about their world and their pla ce in it. They learn the world is safe and responsive to their needs. Babies and young children learn to be strong and independent through loving and secure relationships with parents and carers. When children are looked after outside the home they can develop security and independence through having a key person to care for them. A keyworker such as a practitoner provides a reassuring link with home so that the children can cope with being separated from the special people in their lives. Positive relationships with children and young people are important because: à ¢-  When children feel comfortable with us they can separate more easily from their parents à ¢-  Children are more likely to participate in the play and learning activities if they are secure emotionally à ¢-  When children have strong relationships, they are less likely to show unwanted behaviour as we can recognise and meet their needs à ¢-  Childrens language develops more quickly because they feel con ¬Ã‚ dent talking to us à ¢-  Practitioners can plan more accurately as they understand childrens developmental needs and know their interests à ¢-  Practitioners are able to respond to children more e ¬Ã¢â€š ¬ectively because they can recognise their expressions and emotions. Children deserve to feel, and to be respected by all adults and other children. Children want and need positive, loving relationships with the people close to them. The Early Years Foundation stage has a key worker system in operation. Each child will be given a responsible member of staff which we refer to as a key worker. A key worker is a practitioner who is designated to meeting the individual needs of a child, and to build a positive relationship with their parents. The key worker system is essential for children to develop a close relationship and strong bond with a key worker who will be looking after them. A key worker is responsible for the settling in period. The key worker needs to form a bond with the children, especially babies in their care. Babies need to be with the same people each day to develop social relationships. This is why the Early Years standards have put a key worker system into action. A key worker will be nominated as the first point of contact for the child and family. In order for practitioners to understand the childs requirements and enable the child to become secure in their environment practitioners will have to build a relationship with parents in order to discover the childs routine an particular interests and needs the child may have. The keyworker system is especially important for young babies as they are totally dependent upon their careers, they can become anxious when separated from their parents. Erik Erikson devised a theory of psychology development. Erik Erikson believed that the quality of care of children in this age group receive depends on how well they develop trust in their careers. Erikson claimed that in the stage (birth-1year) the child will develop a sense of basic in the world and in his ability to affect events around him. The development of this depends on the consistency of the childs major caregiver. If the care the child receives is consistent, predictable and reliable then the child will develop a sense of trust, and will be able to feel secure even when threatened. However, if the care has been harsh, or inconsistent, unpredictable and unreliable then the child will develop a sense of mistrust and will not build confidence in the world around them. This child will constantly carry mistrust with him to other relationships. McLeod, S. A. (2008).   Successful development of trust will enable the child to feel safe and secure within their environment. Being consistent with childs routine and ensuring their individual needs are met will develop trust. Key workers should allow time for a one to one communication with individual children throughout the day to support their emotional well-being. All Early years settings will meet their own requirements of roles and responsibilities. The role of a key worker is to keep up to date with the childs development within the setting through observation, and sharing this information with the parents and carers. Responsibilities of the key worker include: Assessing the childs individual needs. Sharing information with parents on all aspects of their childs care. Meeting the entire childs need throughout the day in nursery. Physical needs-Nappy changing, skin care and bottle feeding. Emotional needs-Settling the child on arrival each session and comforting when distressed. Developmental needs- Planning learning with the individual child Spend time with individual children promoting their learning and development through play. The Ecological systems theory states that human development is influenced by the different types of environmental systems, Formulated by famous psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner. The micro systems setting is the direct environment we have in our lives. Your family, friends, classmates, teachers, neighbours and other people who have a direct contact with you are included in your micro system. The micro system is the setting in which we have direct social interactions with these social agents. Sarah Mae Sincero (March14, 2012). In early years setting, a childs microsystem would include their relationship with their key workers, friends, other staff members and the environment. Effective key worker should be committed to their role, by demonstrating to be a good communicator, needs to remain calm and confident throughout the day, able to make time to communicate with the parent and carers. Effective communication with children can develop positive relationships and develop a strong bond, it is therefore important for practitioners to communicate in an appropriate manner. Childrens learning and wellbeing are enhanced when families and childcare professionals work together in partnership to promote the best outcomes for children; quality care occurs when childcare professions understand each childs family, culture, community and when they use this knowledge to provide experiences in ways that are meaningful to the child. When parents and practitioners work together in early years settings, the results have a positive impact on childrens development and learning. Early Years settings work to build parent confidence in what they do already at home and they offer idea to support and enhance this. Most significantly, they exchange information about children regularly or on a weekly bias with parents. They listen to what parents have to say about their own childs capabilities and interests, ad make use of these observations for future planning, encouraging parents to be active in the planning process. Parents and practitioners have a lot to learn from each other this can help them to support and extend childrens learning and development. Parents should review their childrens progress regular and contribute to their childs learning and development record. Parents can be helped to understand more about learning and development record. Young children flourish when the adults caring for them work together. Fa milies know their childs strengths, personality, moods and behaviours very well. When families and staff work together they can exchange information, and can focus on meeting each childs needs and supporting their development. When children see positive communication between their parents and staff, they begin to learn that it is important to build health relationships, for example children who see their parents communicating well and being friendly with staff, children will feel valued and important when in the care of their practitioners. Parents and carers who are positively involved with their children can help reduce mental health difficulties. In partnership, families and staff can share their experiences with each other and their understanding of how their bond is important to a child. For example (x) likes to cuddle on to a special teddy at sleep time at home, this experience should be offered in the care setting. Strong partnerships between early years practitioners, staff and parents are essential in early years settings and are one of the important relationships to develop. But too often, parents and program staff do not effectively communicate with each other, thereby limiting opportunities for developing open, respectful, and trusting relationships. Miscommunication, or limited communication between adults, can lead to situations that adversely affect all of the parties involved. Parents play an important role in the admission of their child to the early years setting. Working in partnerships will help meet the childs individual needs, through identifying information about a childs background to health and wellbeing such as illnesses, disabilities, allergies, likes and dislikes and emergency contact information. There are many way to involve parents within the setting such as arranging open days, an open day is a social opportunity for parents to communicate with other parents and early years staff this will help build parents confidence and self-esteem. Key workers should share their observations and assessments of the child with their parents and encourage parents to try out similar activities at home with their child. Outgoings in an early years settings is a good opportunity for parents to be involved in their childs learning and development, when the early years setting has organised an outgoing this will give parents the opportunity to take part and com e along and meet other children and staff. Parent evenings play a vital. Role in early years they will allow parents and keyworkers to discuss their childrens development progress. Parents should be invited to come to the setting to carry out workshops or activities on particular subjects, all parents are unique and come from different backgrounds, they can get the opportunity to be involved in promoting diversity by carrying out activities such as cooking food or demonstrating different clothing from different backgrounds. There are many barriers to parent involvement which must be recognised and overcome to promote involvement and partnership working. Parents with different languages may find it uncomfortable to communicate so staff members should aim to learn a few works and phrased in home languages to help them feel welcome. If a parent has low self-esteem and confidence they will not feel comfortable in joining in. practitioners should overcome this barrier by welcoming and su pporting parents in becoming involved in the setting. Parents have busy life and will not always have time to communicate with the staff at the setting when they are dropping or picking up their child, so practitioners should arrange times or regular parents evenings for parents to communicate in their available time. Positive relationships with children are important; practitioners act as role models and are effectively teaching children how to have positive relationships with other people as well. A positive relationship for a young child is very important as this increases their confidence and trust in other people. Positive relationships are made by first of all actively listening to the child and finding out their likes, and dislikes. Children at different stages have very different needs and interests and learn in different ways. Communication for children needs to consider different abilities and needs at different ages and this must be child-centred and age appropriate. Communication is a fundamental skill within a learning environment and is the main source of interaction amongst children, practitioners and staff in a learning environment. It is a mean of setting foundations to build positive relationships making children feel safe and to develop their self-esteem (feel good about themselves). In order for communication methods to be effective we need to have knowledge of relationships which is the main concept that drives positive behaviour. Actively listening to children, what they have to say is an example which can promote relationship in a learning environment. The importance of this form of communication is that it tends to help children to build their self-esteem, makes them feel valued and welcomed bec ause their views are being listened to by others. Verbal communication requires verbally encouraging children to respond to open question discussions which can promote positive relationships. Written communication in the form of comments, praise (certificates) highlighting achievements in good work can contribute towards positive relationships. The importance of this form of communication is that it keeps the children interested to take part, increase their concentration. Creates an effective learning environment and stimulates them to strive for success which contributes towards positive relationships in a learning environment. Regardless of the type of setting, the ability to communicate effectively is crucial for developing positive relationships with children, young people and their families. Communicating well involves the following: Giving your full attention- by maintain eye contact. Being aware of your body language use appropriate gestures and facial expressions. Listening- by showing response of nodding and smiles. Taking account of individual needs. Being sensitive to cultural differences in communication.   If the child speaks different language- use of photographs or other visual aids ma help. Hearing impediment- use sign language or visual aids to facilitate communication more effectively. Being confident build confidence in your communication skills by practicing how and what you want to communicate, and role modelling good communication skills. Conclusion Positive relationships are important because it helps a child to develop independence and build their self-esteem, positive relationships will help children feel confident, secure and be able to trust their relationships with adults. A strong connection between families and childcare providers is essential for building positive relationships. A Parents role is to talk with the people who care for your child on a daily basis about eating habits, behaviour, activities, learning of new skills, friends, or other happenings in your childs day. . As a parent you need to strengthen the bond between your child and her keyworker by helping to establish an attitude of trust. Mention the keyworkers name in conversation at home, and show interest in your childs interactions with her/him. As a practitioner, you should know the importance of working with parents and how these relationships can support childrens learning. Practitioners and parents need to develop a good two way communication in ord er to gain good effective positive relationship between the child and a practitioner.

Battle of Lexington :: essays research papers

The American Revolution was a tough time for America and the people who fought it. Many wars were fought and many people died, but throughout the whole events moments of inspiration were evident. One such time was in the Battle of Lexington which took place on April 19th, 1775 and one such poem the truly reflects it is called The Battle of Lexington which was written by Sidney Lanier. The poem reflects the thoughts of this man and Paul Revere during this time. In the first stanza Mr. Lanier tells Paul revere to ride fast and hard to Lexington so he can tell others that the British are coming. It is evident that he has to be in a rush because Lanier says, "While the way is clear". This shows that this option might not be open for a long time so Mr. Revere will have to ride fast. In the next stanza, the British are starting to cross the river and so a man name Deven, is trying to help Paul Revere. As he leaves Deven watches him ride into the night with what I think admiration. Also as he is leaving Deven is watching the British come closer and so I think this is a tragic point for him to accept. As the story goes on it is the next morning, and attention is called to a man named John Parker. At this point the British soldiers along with General Gage were marching toward concord. When this occurred there were also minutemen or the American soldiers waiting there as well to engage in a battle. This is seen in the poem. The man tells John Parker to look outside his windows and to witness independence. He says this because both men believe that the American soldiers will win. It is to say that they have no doubt in there minds that they will win. Continuing on, as the British approached concord and so the American soldiers are told to line up in formation. This man asks for all the men of [President] Lincoln to start getting ready to fight. He mentions that through the wounds of this war liberty will be won, because these men know that some will die in order to win. The poet calls Prescott and Revere in hurry. He tells the other men such as Chelmsford, Littleton, Carlisle, and ot hers to line up in formation.

Democracy and Jim Crow

The United States of America is proud to be known as the land of the free. Its representative democracy Is supposed to hold the consent of all American colleens and make sure the constitution and equality Is upheld; however, Its state of government has been actively partaking In actively and rulings that do not benefit the whole of America. In fact, many of the state's decisions have been working against specific racial minorities and creating a criminal justice system that almost mirrors the racist statues implemented after the Civil War, called the Jim Crow laws.This New Jim Crow unfairly targets minority races, sentences them harsher in court, and leaves them and their families to deal with the immense consequences. These consequences not only trap them in a cycle of poverty and immobility, but take away many of the rights that are supposed to be granted to every citizen of the United States. These policies are pushing the U. S. Democracy back toward pre-Call War mentalities, maki ng African-Americans' (and other minority groups') voices Irrelevant and unheard. Power and authority rest In the state.While these two words seem honeymoons, they hold two very different meanings. Power Is the ability to make someone do something they would not normally do through the use of force and authority is the justifiable right to exercise that power. Only legitimate authorities have the consent of the people, while illegitimate authorities simply hold power over the governed, regardless to how the people feel. The united States of America claims to be a democracy, a state that has consent of the governed peoples.However, is that truly the case? By questioning the idea of democracy in the United States, one must look who olds the power in this country and whether or not we can consider the state working toward the overall benefit and happiness of country at large. The state Is defined as â€Å"a human community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory† (Dobra, Walden, and Bezel 2012:37).While many people would recognize the government as a legitimate authority, that can and should be allowed to use force, the government may not exactly be using their power in a way that is equally beneficial and fair to all its citizens. Power is seen as any â€Å"individual, group or structural capacity to achieve intended effects as a result of force, influences, or authority† (Dobra, Walden, and Bezel 2012:3). The government and its officials hold the power; however, are they using that power democratically, with the consent of all the citizens in the ASSAI?In a democracy everyone should be granted the opportunity to participate in decisions of the political state once you are considered an adult citizen of that state (Dobra, Walden, and Bezel 2012:47) whether it be by voting or simply having the right to participate as much or as little as you want. In the United States' democracy, It Is thought that we have the ability to vote and have equal opportunity In all political decisions. In reality, the democratic freedoms and rights that the united States Is known for can be taken away or be made unavailable all too easily.Democracies, for their country, through voting or participating in a Jury, among other things. Yet, our â€Å"democracy' has somehow managed to covertly bring race and racist practices back into government. Many different aspects of the state help to create and enforce practices that work against the core values of democracy. The criminal Justice system, including police officers, courts, and Jails/prisons, encompass institutional racism, putting some racial groups at a disadvantage, but not through overtly discriminatory mechanisms.Ingrained stereotypical images of minority groups, heavy focus on impoverished areas, and leniency on drugs and/or crimes that are more associated with white people, cause this institutional racism. While individuals work ing for the state may not have these factors in mind, the system and our society have been shaped to be more aware of and give harsher punishments to people of color Alexander, 2012). Throughout history America's government has used race as a determinate factor on one's social standing and level of capability.In the late sass's Jim Crow laws were enacted in order to establish a â€Å"separate but equal† status for African Americans. In 1868, Amendment XIV gave black men full citizenship and promised them equal protection under the law. The northern victory in the Civil War and this amendment allowed blacks to vote, run for and win elected office positions, and serve on Juries. However, 10 years later when federal troops withdrew from the South, returning it to local white rule, this equal protection slowly disintegrated. In the twenty years after the fourteenth amendment was formed, blacks would lose almost all that they had gained.The freedoms and rights they had previously thought were guaranteed were being denied to them. This denial was made legal by Jim Crow laws, a series of racist statutes. These laws were implemented in order to appease white southerners and take back the rights that were granted to former slaves. While the fourteenth amendment granted citizenship to everyone born in the United States, including blacks, and protected individual's rights of citizenship, the Jim Crow laws specifically worked to destroy that. Citizenship allows one to vote.Therefore, Jim Crow laws could not necessarily take the right to vote completely away, however they implemented restrictions on registering to vote in order to assure that blacks would not be able to have a say. Through literacy tests and other prerequisites, the amount of blacks that were eligible to vote diminished rapidly. These were originally found to be constitutional because they did not specifically attack one group of people due to heir race, ethnicity, or background. However, these laws targeted the black community by aiming at their weaknesses.Since the majority of southern blacks were former slaves, they did not have wealth, a prestigious line of ancestry, or the necessary skills or network to seek employment out of servitude. The requirements to register to vote became nearly impossible for a black man to achieve. Some states required a literacy test knowing that former slaves were banned from learning how to read and write. If the slaves did become literate, there were many other stipulations that stood in the way of them registering to vote.There was a restriction on lineage, requiring that a grandparent had to have been a voter in order for you to become a voter. This was quite impossible for the majority of blacks, for the obvious reason that their grandparents were slaves themselves or had not been born in the United States so they were not voting citizens. Jim Crow laws took advantage of any government and hopefully be reduced back down to slavery or clos e to it. Implementing poll taxes and requirements to own property targeted blacks lack of monetary funds (Alexander 2012).As former slaves, they did not have a lot of money ND they definitely did not have extra money to waste on poll taxes. Even if they were granted land to purchase and had the money, most property owners would not sell to a black man. Last but not least, the â€Å"good character† clause was enacted. This is seemingly a last resort. If a black man met all the former stipulations, the poll workers could simply give a reason as to why they question his character and deny him the ability to register. The â€Å"good character† rule is purely based on opinion.Along with restrictions on voting registration, Jim Crow laws were also enacted to include restrictions on marriage, housing, public institutions and even times of day one could be outside. These were created to ensure that blacks were segregated as much as possible from the white community, being â₠¬Å"separate but equal. † In Please vs†¦ Ferguson, the Supreme Court found this idea constitutional; however, while restrooms, schools, train cars, and even neighborhoods became separate, they were rarely ever equal.Laws were even established that segregated blacks from living in white neighborhoods through making it illegal to live on a block in which the majority of residents were people that you could not marry. Laws banning interracial marriage were established before this. This ensured that blacks and whites would not live together, forcing blacks into parts of the town that were more impoverished. To further belittle former slaves, most buildings, restrooms and drinking fountains were separated with â€Å"whites only' and â€Å"blacks only' signs, showing an unwillingness to even share water with a different race.These â€Å"separate but equal† practices were highly discriminatory and not constitutional; however, the government was oblivious to this fact or chose to ignore it for quite a while. Brown vs†¦ Board of Education was one of the first cases to point out the flaws in the â€Å"separate but equal† practices. In that hearing, the Supreme Court decided that it was unconstitutional and detrimental to minority children to have separate public schools (Alexander 2012: 36). This court case was the first to rule that â€Å"separate but equal† was unconstitutional. This began the unraveling of Jim Crow.Separate public schools for white and black children were deemed unconstitutional and a violation of the 14th amendment, leading the way towards complete integration and more victories for the civil rights movement. After the first victory in court, African-American's continued their pursuit of civil rights and liberties, leading to the establishment of more equal practices. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, outlawed many forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic and religious minorities and women. It ended the abilit y to create unequal requirements in order to register to vote.Furthermore, it desegregated the school system completely, along with the workplace and public accommodations (Alexander 2012: 39). This eliminated Jim Crow laws, but it could not change the minds of those who supported them. The Voting Rights Act (1965) and Fair Housing Act (1968) outlawed discriminatory voting practices and provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race or national origin; two things that had been responsible for the widespread the fifteenth amendment, making sure that no requirement or prerequisite was present in order to vote or to register.This way no citizen was denied the right to vote, no matter what race or ethnic background. The Housing Act also prohibits discrimination due to race, color, religion, or national origin. One cannot refuse to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of those particular traits. However, landlords are not required to rent to anyone that applies, the y may deny someone based off of other criteria, like the applicant's suspected ability to pay rent.While the civil rights movement desegregated American and won back the black population's rights as citizens, this victory did not last long. These Acts seemed to have given the African-American population equality; however, there were many loopholes in which inequality still thrived; the biggest one being the 13th amendment's exception on slavery, allowing it only as a form of punishment for a crime (Alexander 2012:31). The 20th century changes in voter laws gave blacks the ability to change the political landscape and thus challenge white male corporate power.Yet, in the 40 years since the Civil Rights Movement, corporations (and the politicians that serve them) have been taking that power back by systematically attempting to deny African Americans the right to vote. This is where the birth of the New Jim Crow grew from. The New Jim Crow laws are more implicit and do not include over t racial language, however they are Just as bad. While they do not include specific details that are unique to one group of people, they create practices that unfairly attack minority groups through focusing on more impoverished communities and creating unequal punishments for crimes associated more with minorities.The War on Drugs is the main contributor to these New Jim Crow laws. This â€Å"war† gave America a reason to view racial minorities as the bad guys. Through the establishment of certain laws, such as establishing a 100 to 1 sentencing disparity for the possession or trafficking of crack, compared to penalties for trafficking of powder cocaine (Alexander 2012), there is a heavier focus on minority groups and larger criticism of their drug use due to increased arrested.The minimum mandatory sentence for small amounts of drugs associated with minorities, like crack, are equivalent to large amounts of drugs that are commonly used by white people, like powder cocaine. Furthermore, minority groups that get arrested for drug charges are more likely to receive a harsher punishment than if someone white were to be arrested. With the combination of severe and unbalanced drug possession laws along with the rates of conviction in terms of race, the Judicial system has created a huge racial disparity.Due to the belief that culture is responsible for black poverty, the government abstinently erased their role in fostering this poverty, â€Å"forgotten are the failed schools, the malign welfare programs, the desolate neighborhoods, [and] the wasted years† (Alexander 2012:53). This war on drugs and the huge push for â€Å"law and order† practices in inner cities or poor, black neighborhoods have caused lastly economic effects. The state is responsible for the negative effects that the black population is dealing with today.The war on drugs was supposed to be a crack down on drug users and sellers; however, it disproportionately targeted racial minorities and the hat focused on these inner cities and racial profiled community members to be targets of â€Å"stop and frisks. † In accordance with police officers increased amounts of arrests, courts were sentencing people of racial minorities longer prison terms than their white counterparts. To fit the influx of prisoners, more state institutions needed to be built.From the streets to incarceration, the criminal Justice system and state institutions have been flawed and seemingly corrupt. These actions only hinder the groups of people targeted and lead to an endless cycle of poverty and immobility. In the drug war, police have discretion regarding who to target (which individuals), as well as where to target (which neighborhoods or communities)† (Alexander 2012:123), enforcing strict policing in impoverished urban areas in which the majority of residents are of a racial minority.These police departments are bribed with monetary incentives in order to make drug-l aw enforcement top priority and step away from violent crimes to focus on inner city drug crimes. This is the state, the federal government, using resources to create inequality and put a target on areas where racial minorities are most common. Our society has established a stereotypical image of a criminal that includes darker skin color. This way of thinking is not only detrimental to certain ethnic groups, but establishes and enhances racial profiling.Police departments not only partake in racial profiling, they are taught to do so. The training program known as â€Å"Operation Pipeline† teaches officers how to â€Å"use perceptual traffic stops and consent searches on a large scale for drug interdiction† (Alexander 2012:70). This is enforcing the idea to make bias Judgments on civilians, stopping people who fit the profile of a rug user or criminal even if they are doing nothing wrong and there is no probable cause to stop or search them. Along with racial profilin g comes another unconstitutional practice implemented by our government agencies: the stop and frisk rule.This rule allows police officers to stop anyone they wish to and question or frisk them, as long as they have â€Å"reasonable articulate suspicion† (Alexander 2012: 63). People of color in impoverished neighbors grow accustom to stopping and spreading their arms up and onto the nearest wall whenever a police officer comes into view. This shows Just how common they are targeted. No matter if they are in a car, taking the bus, or simply walking down the street, racial minorities are aware that they unequally hold police attention, based solely on their appearances.Along with the unequal amounts of police attention, people of color also get unequal sentencing and conviction ratings. While the mandatory sentence for a large amount of cocaine, associated with the white population, is five years; the mandatory minimum sentence for small amounts of crack, associated with urban poor, is also five years (Alexander 2012). These longer felony sentences are unfair and lead to huge repercussions that a small drug offense should not create. Many people question why it seems like black fathers are always out of the picture.This may be due to the fact that a large percent of the black male population is under some form of incarceration and cannot be present for his family. The higher and unequal incarceration of colored males leaves many women alone and forces them to become a single parent. While nothing is wrong with being a single parent, it stifles their consequences that being in Jail produces psychologically, prisoners face tons of active reinforcement when they are released from prison, as if being locked up was not punishment enough.Since a majority of impoverished black men are targeted for searches and questioning, a large number of convicts come from poor areas. When they are released with no money, no Job, and no way of getting end meats; they are forc ed to straight back to the neighborhood that caused their problems and will most likely get involved in some form of illegal activity to earn a few bucks. Ex-convicts resort to illegal activities because the black mark on their record hinders them of getting any respectable Job. Being a felon is seen extremely negatively.Along with Job discrimination, felons lose their right to vote, their ability to receive welfare or student loans, and live in subsidized housing. Revoking all of these things leaves many felons, homeless, Jobless and on the road back to imprisonment. Our government does not have the consent of all it governs because a large portion of â€Å"the land of the free† is behind bars and without a voice. Racial minorities are unfairly targeted, imprisoned and revoked of their rights. This is pushing America backwards, toward slavery, a time when only white males had to right to an opinion.